Periodontal disease is a common and progressive condition caused by the release of toxins from plaque that has built up on the teeth.  These toxins cause inflammation and irritation of the gum tissue and can also cause deterioration of the supporting structures of teeth.  When left untreated, periodontal disease can progress to the point of causing unstable teeth and tooth loss.  Deterioration of the jawbone may also occur in more advanced cases of periodontal disease.

The earliest stage of periodontal disease is known as gingivitis.  Gingivitis is a bacterial infection of the gum tissue caused by the toxins in plaque, as mentioned above.  Characterized by tender and inflamed gums that are likely to bleed, gingivitis can be completely reversed with prompt and thorough treatment.  However, when left untreated, gingivitis can progress to more advanced stages of periodontal disease.  When such progression occurs, irreversible damage to supporting tissue and bone can take place.

Types of Periodontal Disease

While there are several different types of periodontal disease, the most common types are:

• Chronic periodontitis -- The most common form of periodontal disease, chronic periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of supporting tissues, deepening gum pockets and loss of attachment.
• Aggressive periodontitis -- While essentially the same disease as chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis progresses more quickly, causing rapid loss of attachment, bone deterioration and familial aggregation.
• Necrotizing periodontitis -- This form of periodontal disease causes necrosis (tissue death) in the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gum tissues.  Necrotizing periodontitis most typically occurs in patients suffering from serious medical conditions such as HIV and malnutrition.
• Periodontitis linked to systemic diseases -- This type of periodontitis can begin at an early age and is a symptom of an underlying condition such as heart disease, diabetes or cancer.

Treatment for Periodontal Disease

While the treatment required for periodontal disease will depend on the type and stage of the disease, a common treatment method used is called scaling and root planing.  This is a deep cleaning procedure which removes bacteria from gum pockets and root surfaces in order to halt the progression of periodontal disease and to promote healing.  Other treatment methods that may be recommended for the various types of periodontal disease include tissue regeneration through the use of grafting procedures, pocket elimination surgery, antibiotics and prescription mouthwashes.

Contact US for a professional periodontal evaluation or if you have questions or concerns about periodontal disease, periodontal treatment, or dental implants.